④ 문제편 전용 | 5개 창작 지문 · 지문별 10문항 + 종합 8문항 | 해석·정답 미포함
먼저 지문을 읽고 문제를 푸세요. 해석과 정답은 ⑤번 해설 글에서 별도로 확인할 수 있습니다.
READING 1 | The Viral Chart
Focus Words: assume, believe, think, judge, conclude, infer, perceive, recognize, realize, aware, understand, comprehend, interpret, analyze, assess, evaluate
A chart showing a sharp rise in students’ screen time spread through the school group chat. Many students immediately began to assume that the new after-school program was causing the increase. Some said they believed the program encouraged phone use, while others thought the chart proved that students were becoming less disciplined. Jisoo refused to judge the program from one image. She wanted to know how the numbers had been collected before anyone tried to conclude that the program was responsible.
Her statistics teacher asked the class to infer only what the chart actually supported. At first, the bars seemed to show a dramatic change, but the students soon perceived that the vertical axis began at four hours rather than zero. They also recognized that the survey had been conducted during exam week. Jisoo began to realize how easily a visual design could exaggerate a difference. Once the class became aware of those details, they could better understand why the chart felt more alarming than the underlying numbers.
To comprehend the result, the students had to interpret both the scale and the survey context. They analyzed the sample, assessed whether exam week was representative, and evaluated the claim that one school program had caused the change. Their final answer was cautious: the chart showed an increase in reported screen time, but it did not by itself prove why the increase occurred.
READING CHECK
Q1. What is the main lesson of the passage?
① A dramatic chart always reveals a serious problem.
② Visual data should be interpreted together with scale, sample, and context.
③ Exam-week surveys are always inaccurate.
④ Students should avoid all screen-time research.
Q2. In the passage, infer is closest in meaning to:
① reach a conclusion from evidence
② repeat a claim without checking it
③ remove data from a chart
④ predict a future event
READING 2 | The Garden Forecast
Focus Words: estimate, predict, expect, suppose, reasoning, logic, idea, concept, notion, perspective, viewpoint, opinion, insight, intuition, imagine, reflect
The ecology club wanted to redesign a dry corner of the schoolyard as a small garden. Before buying plants, they had to estimate how much water the area would receive and predict which species could survive the summer. Some members expected that a shaded garden would need very little irrigation. ‘Suppose we use only native plants,’ one student suggested. The proposal sounded sensible, but the teacher reminded them that good reasoning required more than a promising guess; the logic of the plan had to connect soil, sunlight, rainfall, and maintenance.
Each student brought a different idea. Mina explained the concept of drought tolerance, while Jun had the notion that taller plants could protect smaller ones from heat. From Mina’s perspective, long-term maintenance mattered most. From Jun’s viewpoint, biodiversity was the main goal. Their opinions differed, but the discussion produced an important insight: the best design might combine several goals instead of choosing only one.
Jun’s intuition told him that the darkest corner would remain coolest, but the temperature log showed that heat from a nearby wall made it unexpectedly warm. The club tried to imagine how the space would look in August, not only in April. After they reflected on the measurements, they revised the plan. The final garden used fewer species, but every choice was supported by a clearer reason.
READING CHECK
Q1. Why did the club revise its first plan?
① The students stopped caring about biodiversity.
② Measurements challenged an intuitive assumption about the site.
③ The teacher chose all the plants alone.
④ Native plants were banned.
Q2. perspective most nearly means:
① a way of viewing a problem
② an exact numerical estimate
③ a final scientific law
④ a physical measurement tool
READING 3 | Who Wrote the Museum Label?
Focus Words: consider, determine, decide, distinguish, identify, classify, define, question, doubt, suspect, verify, compare, focus, attention, intend, acknowledge
During a student exhibition at a local museum, one label described an old photograph as ‘a celebration held in 1952.’ The curator asked the class to consider whether the date was correct. They first tried to determine when the photograph had been taken, but they could not decide from clothing alone. To distinguish evidence from assumption, they listed visible details and tried to identify signs, uniforms, and buildings in the background.
The students classified each clue as direct, indirect, or uncertain. They also had to define what would count as reliable evidence. One student began to question the printed date after noticing a bus model introduced in 1954. Another still had doubts because the bus might have been added later to the scene. They did not suspect deliberate deception; instead, they wanted to verify whether an earlier catalog entry had simply been copied.
The class compared the photo with newspaper archives and shifted its focus to a banner near the edge of the image. Careful attention revealed the name of a festival first held in 1955. The museum did not intend to mislead visitors, and the curator openly acknowledged the error. The label was corrected, along with a short note explaining how the new date had been established.
READING CHECK
Q1. What evidence most strongly changed the date?
① The style of clothing
② A student’s personal memory
③ A banner naming a festival first held in 1955
④ The curator’s original label
Q2. acknowledge is closest in meaning to:
① deny completely
② openly accept that something is true
③ classify by size
④ predict in advance
READING 4 | Before the Bridge Opens
Focus Words: anticipate, contemplate, deduce, discern, conceive, conceptualize, scrutinize, speculate, formulate, rationalize, overlook, ponder, presume, hypothesize, envision, deliberate
A town planned to reopen a pedestrian bridge after repairs. Engineers tried to anticipate how crowds would move during the first weekend and contemplated several safety plans. From old traffic counts, they could deduce that the eastern entrance would probably be busiest, but it was harder to discern whether families would stop in the narrow viewing area. One planner conceived a one-way walking route and used a simple diagram to conceptualize the flow.
Before approving the route, the team scrutinized camera records from past festivals. They refused to speculate beyond the data and instead tried to formulate a testable crowd model. One official began to rationalize a preferred plan simply because it was familiar, but another warned that habit could cause the team to overlook a new risk. They paused to ponder whether an emergency vehicle could still reach the bridge if the route became crowded.
The planners could not presume that visitors would behave exactly as they had five years earlier. They chose to hypothesize two possible crowd patterns and envision how each would affect evacuation. After a long meeting, they deliberately compared the alternatives and selected a flexible plan with temporary barriers that could be moved if the actual flow differed from the forecast.
READING CHECK
Q1. Why did the planners create two crowd patterns?
① They had no previous data at all.
② They wanted to test alternatives instead of presuming one pattern would occur.
③ They intended to close the bridge permanently.
④ They preferred speculation to evidence.
Q2. scrutinize most nearly means:
① examine very carefully
② imagine without evidence
③ ignore a small risk
④ reach a final conclusion quickly
READING 5 | The AI Score Debate
Focus Words: detect, cognition, premise, criterion, misconception, reckon, synthesize, abstract, inferential, appraise, misjudge, preconception, presumption, fallacy, context, aspect
A school tested an AI system that gave students feedback on practice essays. Teachers soon detected a pattern: some creative essays received lower scores than expected. The debate quickly moved beyond software and into questions about human cognition. One teacher said the system’s basic premise was reasonable – clear writing could be measured – but asked whether the scoring criterion was too narrow. A common misconception was that a numerical score must be more objective simply because it was produced by a machine.
‘I reckon the score is useful, but not complete,’ said Mr. Han. He tried to synthesize the machine’s comments with teachers’ observations. Some features, such as sentence length, were concrete; others, such as originality, were more abstract. Any judgment about creativity was partly inferential because it could not be directly measured in a single number. The teachers decided to appraise the system by comparing its feedback with several human reviewers rather than treating the score as a final answer.
The trial also showed how easily people could misjudge technology because of a preconception. Some teachers began with the presumption that AI would be neutral; others assumed it would be unfair. Both positions risked a fallacy: treating one successful or failed example as proof about every case. In the end, the staff agreed that every score had to be read in context and that fairness had several aspects, including consistency, transparency, and the opportunity for human review.
READING CHECK
Q1. What was the teachers’ final position?
① AI scores should completely replace human judgment.
② Numerical scores are always objective.
③ AI feedback can be useful, but it must be evaluated in context and combined with human review.
④ Creative writing cannot be assessed at all.
Q2. fallacy most nearly means:
① a logically flawed line of reasoning
② a reliable scoring criterion
③ a concrete measurement
④ a form of cognition
수능형 CHECK UP — 종합 8문항
Q1. 주제
다섯 지문을 관통하는 핵심 학습 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① 빠른 판단은 복잡한 자료보다 항상 정확하다.
② 좋은 판단은 가정을 점검하고 근거·맥락·대안을 함께 검토하는 과정이다.
③ 직관은 검증된 자료보다 우선해야 한다.
④ 수치 자료는 해석 없이도 객관적 결론을 보장한다.
⑤ 여러 관점을 비교하면 결론을 내릴 수 없다.
Q2. 문맥 어휘
Reading 1의 infer와 가장 가까운 의미는?
① reach a conclusion from available evidence
② repeat information exactly
③ hide an important detail
④ make a prediction without evidence
⑤ define a word
Q3. 패러프레이징
The team scrutinized camera records.를 가장 적절하게 바꿔 쓴 것은?
① They examined the records with great care.
② They deleted the records before checking them.
③ They guessed what the records probably showed.
④ They ignored small details in the records.
⑤ They classified the records by color.
Q4. 문맥 어휘
A scoring criterion was too narrow.에서 criterion의 의미로 가장 적절한 것은?
① a starting assumption
② a standard used for judgment
③ a false belief formed in advance
④ a final conclusion
⑤ an intuitive feeling
Q5. 내용 일치
다음 중 Reading 3의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
① 학생들은 옷차림만으로 사진 연도를 확정했다.
② 박물관은 고의로 잘못된 연도를 표시했다.
③ 배경의 축제 현수막이 기존 연도를 수정하는 중요한 근거가 되었다.
④ 학생들은 신문 자료를 사용하지 않았다.
⑤ 큐레이터는 오류를 인정하지 않았다.
Q6. 사고 과정
Reading 4의 판단 과정으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① presumption → fixed plan → ignored risk → certainty
② anticipation → evidence review → alternative hypotheses → flexible decision
③ speculation → rationalization → no comparison → conclusion
④ intuition → accusation → verification → context
⑤ misconception → classification → preconception → decision
Q7. 추론
Reading 5가 시사하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
① 기계가 만든 숫자는 언제나 인간 판단보다 객관적이다.
② AI 평가를 쓰려면 결과뿐 아니라 기준과 맥락, 인간 검토 가능성도 살펴야 한다.
③ 창의성은 어떤 방식으로도 평가할 수 없다.
④ 한 번의 성공 사례만으로 시스템의 공정성을 증명할 수 있다.
⑤ 인간 평가자는 항상 편견이 없으므로 비교가 필요 없다.
Q8. 제목
Chapter 3의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
① Thinking and Judgment: From Assumption to Evidence
② How to Trust Every First Impression
③ Why Numbers Never Need Interpretation
④ The Fastest Way to Reach a Conclusion
⑤ Five Stories About School Rules